Which of the following is a restriction of a learner's permit?

A learner's permit in Massachusetts comes with specific restrictions to ensure that novice drivers gain experience under safe conditions. One primary restriction is that the permit holder must drive with a licensed adult who is at least 21 years old and seated in the front passenger seat. This rule is in place to ensure that learners have access to an experienced driver who can provide guidance and assistance in real time, thereby improving the learner's skills and confidence behind the wheel.

Driving with a passenger who is under 18 is not a requirement, which makes that option incorrect. Additionally, there is no time restriction that confines the driving to certain hours such as only after 5 am; learners can drive at any time as long as they comply with the other rules. Lastly, permits do not need to be kept in the trunk; they must be accessible while driving, as they serve as proof of authorization to operate the vehicle. This requirement is important for both legal compliance and for assurance in the case of a traffic stop.